The Canadian healthcare system probably works differently than what many of you may think. As such it is an interesting model to at least know about, even if you don't want to go that way.
i) Each province has it's own healthcare plan. As long as they follow within certain rules, they receive federal funding, but most funding is actually taken locally for local purposes. Each province sets what they'll pay for, how much they're paying doctors and other things. This allows pretty competitive wages to be paid. Contrary to popular belief, most Canadian doctors make about as much as most American doctors do. While the absolute rates are slightly higher in the USA, because we are single-payer we don't have to spend too much money hiring specialized billing people, we have subsidized malpractice insurance, and rarely ever see anyone for free as everyone has insurance.
ii) Individual hospitals are actually run as non-profit organizations in Canada. As such, each hospital does their own fund raising, has their own executive team, hires their own doctors (I say hire loosely... the provincial governments pay doctors, but hospitals provide doctors with a place to work) and sets their own policies about how they run the place. As long as they meet certain targets, they receive funding from the government. This allows each individual hospital to do what they feel right for patient care. As well, differing success in fund raising also allows for pretty large gaps between similar sized hospitals especially if one is in a rich area, or is known for research and leverages that.
iii) Each individual doctor in Canada works for themselves. While the government sets the payment schedules to only pay for certain procedures, exactly HOW each procedure is done, and exactly how each doctor decides to treat each problem is up to the individual doctor. Doctors may choose to use as many or as little resources as they want (i.e. I can order MRIs for everyone if I really wanted to) but are obviously limited by the fact that they know that they all personally have a stake in keeping the system running efficiently.
iv) Despite popular conception, we do a hell of a lot of research in medicine in Canada. What most people don't realize is that most medical research doesn't just focus on new drugs. The vast majority of research which is done is to find out better ways to help people using already known techniques or medicines. A lot of research is even based on how to time certain treatments and screening procedures and aren't as glamorous as making blockbuster drugs. Regardless from my experience a LOT of research comes out of Canada.
v) Drugs for the most part are still paid out of pocket except for seniors in Canada. This means that a lot of blockbuster drugs will still be demanded by people. Because of this, there is ample room for free enterprise to make drugs. A lot of drug companies are based in the USA, but a lot of this is due to the fact that the USA provides the largest coherent market on the face of the planet, giving economies of scale not available anywhere else. It's a fallacy to think that 'private healthcare' is responsible for all of this.
vi) Because the people pay for all costs, there is a huge incentive to have good quality primary care and good quality preventative care. Our system from what I understand works very different from the American system because we base it upon family doctors which form the backbone of the system. Family doctors are the quarterbacks of the system and help decide what patients really need in terms of treatment as their personal doctor, and also is the central store of patient information.
This means that expensive tests aren't usually repeated over and over, and much easier to juggle complex patients. This is a systemic difference made possible by universal healthcare, because people aren't allowed to just randomly see whatever specialist they want to, resources are more efficiently used. Because it is qualified doctors who are the quarterbacks, and because doctors don't have to listen to the government but are instead bound to their patients, we do our best to look out for patient's best interests, and if they really don't like it, they can find another family doctor.
As well, a lot of money goes into preventative medicine and safety as this lets the government save money on paying for expensive healthcare costs.
Our system isn't perfect. It isn't hard to find examples of where things have gone wrong, and I admit we can improve. But no system is perfect and I think being too black and white about how other places do things blinds people to better alternatives. This goes for us as well.
i) Each province has it's own healthcare plan. As long as they follow within certain rules, they receive federal funding, but most funding is actually taken locally for local purposes. Each province sets what they'll pay for, how much they're paying doctors and other things. This allows pretty competitive wages to be paid. Contrary to popular belief, most Canadian doctors make about as much as most American doctors do. While the absolute rates are slightly higher in the USA, because we are single-payer we don't have to spend too much money hiring specialized billing people, we have subsidized malpractice insurance, and rarely ever see anyone for free as everyone has insurance.
ii) Individual hospitals are actually run as non-profit organizations in Canada. As such, each hospital does their own fund raising, has their own executive team, hires their own doctors (I say hire loosely... the provincial governments pay doctors, but hospitals provide doctors with a place to work) and sets their own policies about how they run the place. As long as they meet certain targets, they receive funding from the government. This allows each individual hospital to do what they feel right for patient care. As well, differing success in fund raising also allows for pretty large gaps between similar sized hospitals especially if one is in a rich area, or is known for research and leverages that.
iii) Each individual doctor in Canada works for themselves. While the government sets the payment schedules to only pay for certain procedures, exactly HOW each procedure is done, and exactly how each doctor decides to treat each problem is up to the individual doctor. Doctors may choose to use as many or as little resources as they want (i.e. I can order MRIs for everyone if I really wanted to) but are obviously limited by the fact that they know that they all personally have a stake in keeping the system running efficiently.
iv) Despite popular conception, we do a hell of a lot of research in medicine in Canada. What most people don't realize is that most medical research doesn't just focus on new drugs. The vast majority of research which is done is to find out better ways to help people using already known techniques or medicines. A lot of research is even based on how to time certain treatments and screening procedures and aren't as glamorous as making blockbuster drugs. Regardless from my experience a LOT of research comes out of Canada.
v) Drugs for the most part are still paid out of pocket except for seniors in Canada. This means that a lot of blockbuster drugs will still be demanded by people. Because of this, there is ample room for free enterprise to make drugs. A lot of drug companies are based in the USA, but a lot of this is due to the fact that the USA provides the largest coherent market on the face of the planet, giving economies of scale not available anywhere else. It's a fallacy to think that 'private healthcare' is responsible for all of this.
vi) Because the people pay for all costs, there is a huge incentive to have good quality primary care and good quality preventative care. Our system from what I understand works very different from the American system because we base it upon family doctors which form the backbone of the system. Family doctors are the quarterbacks of the system and help decide what patients really need in terms of treatment as their personal doctor, and also is the central store of patient information.
This means that expensive tests aren't usually repeated over and over, and much easier to juggle complex patients. This is a systemic difference made possible by universal healthcare, because people aren't allowed to just randomly see whatever specialist they want to, resources are more efficiently used. Because it is qualified doctors who are the quarterbacks, and because doctors don't have to listen to the government but are instead bound to their patients, we do our best to look out for patient's best interests, and if they really don't like it, they can find another family doctor.
As well, a lot of money goes into preventative medicine and safety as this lets the government save money on paying for expensive healthcare costs.
Our system isn't perfect. It isn't hard to find examples of where things have gone wrong, and I admit we can improve. But no system is perfect and I think being too black and white about how other places do things blinds people to better alternatives. This goes for us as well.
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